Hi @WBLskier. I'll offer some input based on my own experience, if you have additional questions, want to get into more detail etc please feel free to message me direct as well if you like. Your questions in order -
1 & 2) Weight and mass alone do not necessarily make a good anchor. Case in point - I've had customers call me stating they have i.e. two 70 lb buckets of concrete on each end of the course but still can't get the mainline tight/straight. The issue is that you have smooth sided, cylindrical shaped anchors that can roll and slide on the bottom when pulled around. Add some pieces of rebar or similar sticking out the sides so something can bite into the bottom, now you're beginning to have a decent anchor. Lighter weight Fortress-type anchors work well in specific bottom conditions PROVIDED that you attach a length of heavy chain to the anchor and that you drag it and properly get it set before ever attaching an anchor lead line to it. So in this case the weight isn't the most important factor, the design is.
Ideally an anchor should be both heavy enough and odd shaped enough to dig into the bottom. Once it does and sucks into the bottom muck it's not gonna move. Permanent course anchors don't need to be fancy or pricey either. Anything with enough weight and digging design will work - 3-4 heavy cement building blocks chained together, old cylinder heads, small engine blocks, pieces of old bulldozer track, use your imagination. Something we use locally with great success is heavy hunks of junk I-beam, 70-100 lbs with an eye welded on to attach the anchor lead to. Once those babies dig in you'll never see them again. Cheap and effective.
3) Over the years I've had a lot of feedback from customers who have tried leaving the course in the water, removing the buoys and letting it drop to the bottom, then fishing it up and reattaching the buoys VERSUS installing and removing a portable. The feedback I've gotten indicates to me that labor and time wise it's pretty much a wash one over the other. IMO if I'm leaving the course laying on the bottom subject to all of the negative issues that goes with that (which I won't go into here) and it doesn't save me anything, I'll just throw my portable in and out, thank you very much. As always YMMV.
4) I get variations on this question all the time. I'm just gonna add sub buoys to my floating course, remove the buoys, the course structure can just hover in the water somewhere below the surface but off the bottom, right? It doesn't work that way, sorry. A floating-type course such as we build and such as the other commercially available courses are built, is either FLOATING held up by the buoys, or it's on the bottom due to lack of floatation. Adding subs then removing the buoys (more negative issues I won't touch on for this discussion), the subs just to come to the surface (particularly at the center of the course which is the least restricted part of the system) bringing the mainline and arms closer to the surface with them, which is another problem. The course is either floating or it isn't. Period.
5) No personal experience with this but I've seen discussions on this subject here before and I'm sure several here can speak to that particular issue.
6) Again,if you have additional questions, want to get into more detail etc please feel free to message me direct anytime. I'm more than happy to answer your questions as best I'm able and be helpful in whatever manner I can.
Ed @ EZ-Slalom